Chlorinated-Ti₃C₂TF as a dual-functional buried interface on SnO₂electron-transporting layers for 25.09% high-performance n-i-p perovskite solar cells

Ji Cao^1,2,Qiaoyun Chen¹,Wenting Wu¹,Jianfei Fu^1,3,Zelong Zhang¹,Lei Chen⁴,Rui Wang^1,2,Wei Yu^1,2,Lijie Wang¹,Xiaoting Nie^1,2,Jing Zhang⁴,Yi Zhou^1,2*(周祎),Bo Song¹*(宋波),Yongfang Li^1,2,5*(李永舫)

¹College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.

²Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, P. R. China

³School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China

⁴School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Centre for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for StateKey Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China

⁵Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China

Energy Environ. Sci.,2024,17, 3454-3469

Abstract:Fluorinated titanium carbide MXenes (Ti₃C₂T_F) have been proven as interfacial materials for hole transport layers in perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs). The surface terminals of Ti₃C₂T_Fcan be adjusted to regulate the work function (WF) of electron transport layers (ETLs). In this work, Ti₃C₂T_F,OH,Owas treated with HCl to obtain Cl-terminated Ti₃C₂T_F(named Ti₃C₂T_F,Cl). The resulting Ti₃C₂T_F,Clwas employed as a buried interlayer between SnO₂and the perovskite, which provides the dual functions of reducing the WF of SnO₂, leading to good ohmic contact between the ETL and the perovskite, and facilitating the growth of the perovskite and reducing lattice stress via alteration of the surface energy of the ETL and lattice matching with the perovskite. n–i–p pero-SCs based on FA_0.92MA_0.08PbI₃achieved an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.09% with an open circuit voltage of 1.18 V. The optimized pero-SCs exhibit improved stability in N₂, light soaking conditions, and air with a relative humidity of 30–40%. Additionally, Ti₃C₂T_F,Clperforms well in large-scale devices (1.1 cm²) with a PCE of 20.62%, and is adaptable to pero-SCs with different perovskite (FA_0.85MA_0.15PbI_2.55Br_0.45), which achieves an exceptional PCE of 24.05% and a high fill factor of 84.52%.

链接：https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/ee/d4ee00196f